Risk and limits

Liability

A selection's liability is what the book would pay out beyond the stakes it took if that selection wins.

50,000 staked on home win, paying 90,000 if it wins: the liability is 40,000. The 50,000 in stakes was already taken.

Liability goes up when a bet is accepted and down when it settles, is voided or is cashed out. It goes back up if a correction reopens a bet.

The Risk page

Management → Risk → Sportsbook refreshes every 30 seconds.

Card	Shows
Liability alerts	Selections past the threshold you set for their currency
Net position by match	For each match with open bets, what the book makes or loses on each way it can end — worst match first
Liability by selection	The 50 selections carrying the most liability
The day's biggest bets	The 50 bets of the last day with the largest potential win
Limits by segment	What each player segment does to stakes

Net position by match

Each row opens to the match's markets and, for each outcome, two numbers:

• If it wins — the book's result on that market from single bets: every single's stake on the market, less the payout of the singles on that outcome. Negative is a loss.
• Multi bets — the most that combos, bet builders and system bets with a leg on it could pay beyond their stakes. These also depend on other matches, so they are shown apart, as the worst case.

On a 1X2: 50,000 on home at 1.80, 20,000 on the draw at 3.70, 10,000 on away at 4.60. The book holds 80,000. Home wins: pays 90,000, −10,000. Draw: pays 74,000, +6,000. Away: pays 46,000, +34,000.

A match marked not in catalogue is no longer listed but still has open bets: see When something looks wrong.

Amounts are kept per currency and never added across currencies.

Liability alerts

Set a threshold per currency. Any selection whose liability passes it is listed in red at the top of the page. An alert only tells you; it does not stop bets — the per-outcome cap does that.

Closing line

The Closing line card, under the positions, shows whether players are getting better prices than the book should give. For every bet it compares the price taken with what the selection was worth a little later, without margin:

• before the start, its chance just before kick-off;
• in play, its chance two minutes after the bet.

Average vs close is how far the bets' prices were above that value, on average. Below 0 (green) is normal: the margin is working. Above 0 (red) means players in that group are getting the better of the prices, and its limits or margins need a look. % of bets that beat the close counts the bets that did. Group by sport, league, market, pre-match or live, or player; a group with fewer than 30 bets is greyed out, being too few to read. Boosted prices are left out, being above the market on purpose.

Stake limits

Management → Sportsbook Management → Limits sets the minimum stake, maximum stake and maximum payout. They apply in layers, each one only able to tighten the one above:

Book default  →  Operator  →  Sport  →  League  →  Market

The operator allows up to 10,000 a bet. A league is set to 1,000. In that league the limit is 1,000. Setting a league to 20,000 changes nothing: a lower layer can never loosen a higher one.

A combo takes the strictest limit among its legs. Each outcome also has a cap on liability: once reached, new bets on it are refused.

Limits are in euros. A bet in another currency is held to them at the day's exchange rate (the European Central Bank's, refreshed every few hours; dollar coins follow the dollar): with a maximum stake of 100 EUR, a player betting in rupees may stake about 10,800 INR. Liability on an outcome is added up the same way, every currency at its rate. A currency with no rate cannot be bet in.

In play, outside the major leagues

The same card's Live, outside the major leagues section sets a further limit for bets on live matches in every league not listed under Major leagues. Small leagues are where match data arrives slowest and where people watching at the ground can bet on what they have just seen, so their live stakes are kept low.

List a major league by its id, as its matches show it (bx-94), or by part of its name (name:ATP ), which suits tours whose events change every week. Like every other layer, this one only tightens.

Player segments

Who is a sharp bettor, a VIP or a new player is the operator's decision. Segments are kept in the operator's own player tools and sent with the player. The book gives each segment a stake factor:

Factor	Effect
1	No change
0.2	The player may stake a fifth of the normal maximum
2	Twice the normal maximum, still within every other limit
0	The player cannot bet

A player in several segments gets the strictest factor. Set them under Limits by segment on the Risk page.

Live betting protection

• A live bet waits 5 seconds and is checked again before it is accepted.
• Boards close by themselves when the data is not fresh, after a key event, and when sources disagree — see How the sportsbook works.
• In football, basketball and tennis, every live board is checked every few seconds against the market: the median price of the bookmakers quoting the match right now. If our main market is more than 15 points from it, or the market has closed its own, our board closes until they agree again. This catches a score our feed has not yet seen, and a price that has gone wrong.
• eSoccer and eBasketball, a few minutes long each, open only right after fresh data, close for 15 seconds after a score, and close for their last stretch. A low stake limit on these sports is recommended.